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Calculate Log2 Fold Change . Let's say that for gene expression the logfc of b relative to a is 2. This is also referred to as a one fold increase. (A) Comparison between the log2(G/E) (log foldchange) estimates from www.researchgate.net The operation is a special case of the logarithm, i.e. Fold change is a measure describing how much a quantity changes between an original and a subsequent measurement. Within the 5 groups, there are many log2 fold change values, each corresponding to a gene that was significantly affected by the presence of the microbe.